Filing accounts with Companies House is a critical legal requirement for UK companies. These records provide transparency and let regulators, investors and the public assess a company’s financial health. Missing deadlines or submitting incorrect information can lead to penalties and reputational damage. In this guide, we'll explain when and how to file accounts to Companies House, including what they should contain and who is responsible for filing them.
How to file your accounts
Filing your accounts with Companies House can be done either online or by post. Here’s a step-by-step guide:
1. Prepare the accounts
Your company accounts must comply with the relevant accounting standards, such as UK GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Practice) or IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards), depending on your business type and size. Small companies may qualify for simplified reporting and can prepare abridged or micro-entity accounts, but you’ll still need to ensure they're 100% correct.
2. Choose a filing method
You can file your accounts either online or by post, depending on your preference.
Online filing: Use Companies House’s web filing service, which is straightforward and secure. You’ll need your company’s authentication code to log in.
Postal filing: If you prefer, you can send your accounts by post. Include all required documents and ensure they’re signed before you mail them.
3. Submit on time
Meeting the submission deadline is critical to avoid fines or penalties. Your accounts are due nine months after the end of your company’s financial year for private limited companies. Public companies have a shorter deadline of six months.
Amendments: If you realise there’s an error after submission, you can refile your accounts with corrected information, but you should notify Companies House immediately.
4. Retain proof of submission
Always keep a record of your filing as evidence of compliance.
Online: Save the receipt or confirmation email provided by the Companies House portal.
Post: Retain the tracking receipt and proof of delivery from your postal service.
These records will be useful if there are any disputes or issues with your filing.
When do company accounts need to be filed?
Your company’s filing deadlines vary depending on your company’s setup. Filing earlier is always recommended to avoid any last-minute stress.
First accounts: New companies must file their first accounts within 21 months of incorporation or 9 months after the accounting reference date (ARD), whichever comes later.
Subsequent accounts: Existing companies must file accounts 9 months after the end of their financial year. For example, if your financial year end is 31st March, the accounts must be filed with Companies House by 31st December.
💡Editor's tip
"If you know you'll struggle to keep up with dates, I recommend signing up for the email reminder service from Companies House. You can register for multiple companies and it's your best bet to avoid late penalties."
Are there late filing penalties?
Yes, failing to meet filing deadlines incurs penalties. Penalties are doubled for persistent offenders, and late filing could also lead to legal action, including the potential for the company to be struck off the register. The current penalties according to Companies House are:
Period (measured from the date the accounts are due) | Private company or LLP penalty | Public company penalty |
|---|---|---|
Less than 1 month | £150 | £750 |
1+ month but not more than 3 months | £375 | £1,500 |
3+ months but not more than 6 months | £750 | £3,000 |
6+ months | £1,500 | £7,500 |
*Prices correct at time of writing, always check Companies House for the latest official advice.
What do company accounts usually contain?
The content of your company accounts will depend on its size and type. However, most accounts include:
Balance sheet: A snapshot of the company’s financial position, detailing assets, liabilities, and equity.
Profit and loss statement: A record of the company’s income and expenses over the financial year.
Notes to the accounts: Explanations and additional details to clarify figures in the accounts.
Director’s report (if applicable): An overview of the company’s activities and performance during the year.
Small companies or micro-entities can file simpler accounts, such as abridged or micro-entity accounts, which exclude some of the lengthier details like the profit and loss statement. You can learn if you qualify as a micro-entity through Gov.UK.
Who should file company accounts?
Filing accounts is the responsibility of the company’s directors. While directors bear the ultimate responsibility, many choose to work with accountants to prepare and file accounts accurately. They must ensure that the accounts:
Are prepared following UK laws and regulations
Accurately reflect the company’s financial performance
Are filed on time with Companies House and HMRC
Do new companies need to file their accounts?
Yes, new companies must file their first accounts with Companies House. The first set of annual accounts must be filed within 21 months of the company's incorporation date (get help with incorporation from our memorandum and articles of incorporation solicitors). This extended period gives new businesses time to organise their finances and establish proper accounting systems.
Do dormant companies need to file their accounts?
Yes, dormant companies must also file accounts, but the process is simpler. A dormant company has not traded or had significant financial transactions during the accounting period. Dormant companies can submit 'dormant accounts', which include a balance sheet confirming the company’s inactive status. Filing these accounts ensures the company remains compliant and on the Companies House register.
Why do you need to file accounts?
Filing accounts has multiple legal purposes:
Legal compliance: It’s a statutory requirement for all UK companies, ensuring transparency in the corporate sector.
Investor trust: Accurate and timely accounts help investors and stakeholders assess the company’s financial health and performance.
Creditworthiness: Banks and lenders often review filed accounts when assessing loan or credit applications.
Avoid penalties: Filing on time prevents late penalties and protects your company’s reputation.
FAQs
What happens if I don’t file accounts with Companies House?
Companies House will issue fines, and persistent non-compliance can lead to your company being struck off the register (which means it ceases to legally exist).
Can I file accounts online?
Yes, Companies House provides an online portal for filing accounts. This method is faster and more secure than postal submissions.
What is the deadline for filing accounts for small businesses?
The same deadlines apply: nine months after the end of the financial year. However, small businesses can file simpler accounts, such as micro-entity or abridged accounts.
Can an accountant file accounts on my behalf?
Yes, accountants can prepare and file accounts, but directors remain responsible for their accuracy and timeliness.
Can I file my company account myself?
Yes, you can file your company accounts yourself if you’re confident in your understanding of accounting and reporting requirements. Small businesses often use online accounting software to simplify the process. However, preparing accounts can be complex. To avoid errors, many businesses choose to hire an accountant or professional advisor.
Final thoughts
Filing accounts with Companies House is an essential part of running a UK company. Understanding when and how to file ensures compliance, builds trust, and avoids unnecessary penalties. Whether you’re a new business owner or managing a dormant company, staying organised and meeting deadlines will save you time and money in the long run. If in doubt, seek professional advice from an accountant or small business solicitor to keep your filing accurate and stress-free.
References
UK accounting standards from FRC