An Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) gives you valuable insight into how energy-efficient a property is. Whether you're a homeowner, landlord, buyer, or tenant, understanding EPCs can help you make informed decisions about running costs and improvements. In this guide, we’ll explain what an EPC is, when you need one, and how to get it.
What is an Energy Performance Certificate?
An EPC is a document that rates a property’s energy efficiency on a scale from A (most efficient) to G (least efficient). It also includes recommendations on how to improve energy performance and reduce running costs. If you're selling or renting out a property, an EPC is legally required and helps potential buyers or tenants understand expected energy costs.
💡Top tip: You can see EPCs for most properties that have one at the national EPC register.
ABC ratings explained
The EPC rating is determined by assessing various factors, including insulation, heating systems, and renewable energy sources. The rating scale is as follows:
A (Most Efficient): Homes with the lowest running costs and highest efficiency levels.
B and C: Good energy performance, typically modern homes or well-insulated properties.
D and E: Average performance, often seen in older properties with some improvements.
F and G (Least Efficient): High energy consumption, often requiring significant upgrades.
When do you need an EPC?
Since 2008, anyone selling or renting out a property must legally have an Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) in place. If you're selling a home, you must obtain an EPC before listing it for sale to provide potential buyers with details on the property’s energy efficiency. Landlords must provide an EPC to prospective tenants before they sign a tenancy agreement for rental properties.
Additionally, EPCs are often required when applying for certain government grants and energy efficiency schemes. If you are looking to improve your home’s insulation or heating system through government-funded initiatives, an up-to-date EPC may be a necessary part of the application process.
Learn more in our complete guide to EPC regulations.
When does a landlord need one?
Landlords must provide an EPC to prospective tenants before a tenancy agreement is signed. The EPC gives tenants an indication of the energy efficiency of the property and the likely energy costs.
Since April 2018, landlords have been required to ensure that rental properties meet a minimum energy efficiency standard of an E rating or higher. If a property is rated F or G, the landlord must carry out improvements to increase its energy performance before renting it out, unless they qualify for an exemption. This regulation applies to both new and existing tenancies and is part of the government’s effort to reduce carbon emissions and improve living conditions for tenants.
Plus, landlords must ensure that the EPC remains valid throughout the tenancy period. If the EPC expires, the landlord must renew it before re-letting the property. Failure to comply with EPC requirements can result in fines and legal action, making it essential for landlords to stay up to date with regulations.
💡Editor’s insight: “Landlords can’t legally evict a tenant in England using a Section 21 notice unless they have provided the tenant with a valid EPC before serving the notice. When in doubt, seek help from a qualified tenant eviction solicitor.”
Is it a legal requirement?
Yes, EPCs are a legal requirement in the UK for properties being sold, rented, or newly built. The Energy Performance of Buildings Regulations 2012 mandate that an EPC must be obtained before marketing a property for sale or lease.
For landlords, providing an EPC is not optional. The law requires all rental properties to have a valid EPC with a rating of E or above, unless the property qualifies for an exemption. Properties that fail to meet this minimum rating may not be legally rented out, and landlords could face penalties of up to £5,000 for non-compliance.
Some properties may be exempt from requiring an EPC. These include listed buildings and properties with minimal energy usage (e.g. holiday lets rented for less than four months a year). However, landlords and homeowners should always check the latest regulations to ensure they remain compliant.
How do you get an EPC?
To get an EPC, you need to hire an accredited domestic energy assessor. These professionals evaluate your property’s energy efficiency and produce a certificate. The process involves:
Finding an assessor: You can search for an accredited energy assessor through the government’s official EPC register. Or you can use a private company that offers EPC services.
Booking an assessment: Once you have found an assessor, you will need to arrange an appointment for them to visit your property.
Assessment process: The assessor will inspect various elements of your property, including insulation, heating systems, lighting, and glazing. They may also ask for details about any energy-saving improvements that have been made.
Receiving your EPC: After completing the assessment, the assessor will generate the EPC report. You will be given your energy rating and recommendations for improvements. The certificate will be registered on the EPC database and can be accessed online.
Can you get one online?
While you cannot obtain an EPC purely online, you can arrange an assessment through an online service. Various providers offer online booking systems where you can schedule an assessment with a qualified assessor. Once the assessment is complete, the EPC will be uploaded to the government database, and you can download a digital copy.
Can you pass or fail an EPC?
EPCs do not have a pass or fail system. Instead, they provide an energy rating that indicates how efficient a property is. However, for rental properties, the EPC rating does matter. Under current regulations, rental properties must achieve at least an E rating to be legally let. If a property receives an F or G rating, it cannot be rented out unless the landlord makes necessary improvements or qualifies for an exemption.
How long does an EPC last for?
An EPC is valid for ten years from the date of issue. If you sell or rent your property within this period, you can use the existing EPC. However, if significant energy efficiency improvements have been made, obtaining a new EPC may be beneficial.
FAQ
Do I need an Energy Performance Certificate when selling my home?
Yes, an EPC is required when selling a property. It must be available to potential buyers before the sale is completed.
Can I rent out a property with a low EPC rating?
Properties with an EPC rating of F or G cannot be legally rented out unless an exemption applies.
How much does an EPC cost?
The cost varies but typically ranges between £50 and £120, depending on the property's size and location.
Who is responsible for getting an EPC?
The property owner, whether a seller or landlord, is responsible for obtaining an EPC before selling or renting a property.
Final thoughts
An Energy Performance Certificate is an essential document for property owners, landlords, buyers, and tenants. It provides valuable insights into a property’s energy efficiency and legal compliance. Understanding EPC requirements and ensuring your property meets minimum standards can help you avoid fines and improve energy performance. If you're buying, selling, or renting a property, obtaining an EPC should be a top priority.
Looking for legal help? Get in touch today for a fixed free quote and to see how our dedicated landlord solicitors can help.
References
Get a new energy certificate from Gov.UK
